These studies suggested a direct causal link between taurine deficiency and the development of canine DCM. Subsequent studies revealed that when dogs with taurine deficiency and DCM were supplemented with taurine and L-carnitine, several of the myocardial changes resolved, and supportive cardiac medications were removed successfully in the vast majority of these dogs. In 1995, Kramer et al showed that a subset of dogs with DCM, in which golden retrievers and American cocker spaniels were overrepresented, had taurine deficiency. Less intuitive was the discovery that taurine deficiency also leads to DCM in the dog, despite the fact that taurine is not considered an essential amino acid in this species. Due to low enzyme activities of this pathway, which limit endogenous synthesis, taurine is nutritionally essential in the cat, and deficiency was easily and widely accepted as a direct cause of DCM in this species.
In the dog, this sulfur-containing amino acid is synthesized primarily in the liver and central nervous system from methionine and cysteine via the transsulfuration pathway. Taurine deficiency and its association with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is well described in the cat and dog. Visser, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 1 Regan William, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 15 and Eric Ontiveros, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing 1
Gunther-Harrington, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 1 Tyler Klose, Resources, 7 Kendra LaFauci, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 8 Bonnie Lefbom, Resources, 9 Maggie Machen Lamy, Resources, 10 Rebecca Malakoff, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 11 Satoko Nishimura, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 1 Maureen Oldach, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 1 Steven Rosenthal, Resources, 12 Christopher Stauthammer, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 13 Lynne O’Sullivan, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 14 Lance C. Kienle, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 4 Andrew Waxman, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 5 Michael Cocchiaro, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 6 Catherine T. Peddle, Resources, Writing – review & editing, 3 Richard D. Larsen, Methodology, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing, # 2 Hannah Skolnik, Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, 1 Gordon D.
Fascetti, Methodology, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing, # 2 Jennifer A. Stern, Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, 1, * Andrea J. Kaplan, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, 1 Joshua A.
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